The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the cognitive processes of Montagnais Indians under conditions that would reduce bias and allow for a contextual interpretation of the results. Fifty-eight Montagnais children were compared to French-Canadians of the same age and grade groups whose data had been collected through previous experimentation. Two tests of logico-mathematical operations and two tests of spatial operations were administered to both groups. The results show no statistically significant difference between the performance of the Montagnais and the French-Canadians on these tests. No significant difference could be found either in the order of the stages' occurrence or in the age of accession of a stage. Furthermore, neither the logico-mathematical operations tests, nor the spatial operations tests could differentiate between the two groups. Item characteristics, however, were found to be potential cultural differentiators. A list of references and tabulated data follow the study. (Author/JAZ)