This informational document is intended to help answer questions commonly asked by families, professionals, and the general public concerning Down Syndrome. Medical problems associated with Down Syndrome include heart conditions, upper respiratory disorders, ear infections and hearing loss, vision/eye problems, cervical problems, and gastrointestinal anomalies. In Down Syndrome children, early cognitive development follows the same sequence as it does in nonhandicapped children (i.e., holding and mouthing objects, exploration and play, problem solving, imitation, concept development) but is delayed in most or all areas. Four areas of difference in language, hearing, and speech include different prelinguistic development, high incidence of middle ear pathology, and problems with incidental learning and generalization. Among general principles of motor development for Down Syndrome children are similar progression to that of all children, but slower rate and dependence upon others to avoid over exertion of the muscles. Self care skills including toileting and dressing are briefly considered as is social emotional development. A final section contains observations concerning older Down Syndrome children and adults. (DB)