This paper advances the argument favoring criterion-referenced/modular-based instruction (CRMBI) as applied to training and educational efforts in business, industrial, and military settings. CRMBI is defined as an instructional delivery system (along with the concomitant curriculum design and instructional materials development implications) that accommodates the following themes: (1) predetermined learner outcomes; (2) prerequisite learner background; (3) instructional sequencing; (4) criterion-referenced evaluation; and (5) flexible student entry and exit points. The proliferation of the professional literature in this area over the past 20 years points to increasing acceptance of CRMBI, in particular in teaching risk-oriented technical skills and in the multitude of diverse training situations to which CRMBI has been directed. Finally, a variation of CRMBI that is small group-based and flexibly teacher-paced is presented as an optimal instructional management tool that maximizes time flexibility for the student in a responsible way. A seven-page reference list is provided. (Author/KC)