The Infant Care Survey (ICS) was developed to measure new mothers' confidence in their knowledge and skills regarding the care of babies under one year of age. One potential use of this test would be the identification of groups at high risk for health problems or for avoiding medical care. Self-efficacy was an important construct in the development of the ICS; expectations that a behavior will be performed successfully determine which behaviors are attempted or maintained to completion. The ICS originally contained 48 items measuring knowledge or skills in the following areas: infant health, diet, and safety. Following review by nurses and hospital staff, a 51-item scale was finally constructed. Respondents were asked to rate their feelings of confidence on a five-point Likert scale. The ICS was administered, in 5 to 15 minutes, to 142 males and females in hospitals, homes and classrooms. Analyses revealed that test reliability was .975. Component analysis suggested one unifying dimension underlying the scale. The items indicating the greatest confidence included behaviors which are commonly performed and observed. It was concluded that test reliability and test validity were acceptable. The survey form is appended. (GDC)