Indian languages seem to have emerged from a phase of total dependence on English for new input. Several Indian languages have now evolved vocabularies and structural nuances to handle several new registers and styles necessary for modern society. Some of the change has occurred through conscious language policy encouraging multilingualism and the standardization of multiple languages. Adaptation, the naturalization of material within a language system as contrasted with superficial borrowing or infusion, is also occurring in several Indian languages. It has come about through urbanization, industrialization, and education, in the forms of straight borrowing from English, hybrids or loan blends, loan translations, adaptive coining, paraphrasing, semantic reinterpretation of Sanskrit words, expanding the semantic range of native words, and total assimilation of the nonnative concept. It now seems possible that Indian languages will achieve total intertranslatability with languages such as English, German, French, and Russian. (MSE)