The seven articles in this annual report concern aspects of attachment, social interaction among parents and children, temperament, affective behavior, and/or research methodology. Aspects of attachment and temperament are addressed in Kazuo Miyake's study of the "Relation of Temperamental Disposition to Classification of Attachment," and Yuko Kanaya's exploration of "The Relation between Mother-Infant Interactional Characteristics in Early Infancy and Later Attachment as Assessed in the Strange Situation." Social interactions in American families are the focus of Michael E. Lamb's "Comparison of 'Second Order Effects' Involving Parents and Siblings." Communicative behavior and emotional expression are the topics of Shing-jen Chen's investigation of "Maternal Affective Expression and Infant's Mood in a Laboratory Situation." Affective behavior and behavioral inhibition were investigated in "Individual Differences in Responses to Unfamiliar Objects at Twenty-Three Months of Age," by Shigeru Nakano et al. Keiko Takahashi investigated "Life-Span Development of Affective Relationships." Research methodology and attachment are the topics of Tatsuo Ujiie's "Is the Strange Situation Too Strange for Japanese Infants?" (RH)