This report presents preliminary descriptive data from a national survey of U.S. elementary schools, conducted in 1985, which focused on the schools' instructional uses of computers, including efficiency and cost-effectiveness. Specific topic areas covered include: (1) what hardware is in different types of schools; (2) which teachers use the equipment with their students; (3) allocation of computer time among computer-assisted instruction, programming, discovery-learning, word processing, and other activities; (4) number of students involved in computer use of various types; (5) how much girls, "average" students, and below-grade-level students are using computers in comparison with boys and higher-achieving students; (6) teachers' perceptions of the primary functions of computers and consequences that have emerged from computers' use; (7) changes that have been observed between 1983 and 1985; and (8) the primary problems that teachers see preventing more effective use of computers. Eight graphs illustrate the data presented in this report. Additional detailed analyses of the survey data will be reported in a series of newsletters to be issued on a periodic basis. (DJR)