As one of the more traditional Latin American societies, Colombia's educational policies have been affected by long-standing cultural beliefs including class values and social stratification. This paper examines the educational history of Colombia, provides a thorough background on its educational achievements and difficulties, and discusses recent improvements and problems. Topics covered include the pervasive influence of the Catholic Church, the shift of educational control to the government, attendance patterns, attrition rates, teacher preparedness, and lack of certification. An educational system overview is followed by thorough descriptions of elementary and secondary education, higher education, including the universities, and non-formal education. Newer educational programming is described. Citing particular reports and extensive statistics, the paper concludes by noting the remarkable progress made over recent years, given the political constraints placed on education officials. A 31-item bibliography completes the report. (CBC)