A child's neuropsychological assessment entails the examination of the neurological integrity and functioning of a child's brain and the child's concommitant behavioral responses. This paper reviews the use of two major assessment batteries: (1) the Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Tests that measure basic sensory and motor functioning as well as specific higher cortical skills, and (2) the Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery-Children's Revision, which is based on a neurodevelopmental perspective in regard to cortical functioning, Recognizing that the difficulty lies in finding a screening device that is designed to monitor developmental progress yet is capable of identifying at risk children, the paper argues for a neurodevelopmental screening approach that examines maturational developments as well as the functional integrity of the sensory and motor areas and would evaluate such areas as fine and gross motor development, the basic sensory integrity of the visual, auditory, and tactile modalities, and language. The paper concludes by suggesting that the combination of the neurodevelopmental checklist and the neuropsychological assessment approach provides for a useful and needed early detection system for preschool children. (HOD)