The impact of the technological revolution on education is examined in this monograph, which focuses primarily on computers. First, the history of the educational uses of a variety of media (film, radio, television, teaching machines, and videodisc systems) is traced and assessed. As instructional aids, it is said, the media economize teachers' time and efforts, impart information efficiently, and can make learning more fun, but research has strongly suggested that the effectiveness of media is largely dependent on the abilities of a good teacher who uses them effectively. Next, the report describes current and emerging applications of the new computer-based technologies, including: (1) management of curriculum content; (2) management of pupil information; (3) presentation and monitoring of drill and practice; and (4) computer-assisted tutorial instruction. Following this discussion, an overview of research on the effectiveness of computers in instruction, and particularly in compensatory education, is presented. Next, difficulties in evaluating cost-effectiveness and feasibility of computer-based instruction are described. Finally, findings on the possible uses of computers in attaining educational equity are discussed. Striking inequities are said to exist between the affluent and the poor; differentials in access to equipment, program quality, and the usages of computers are reported. (KH)