Eighteen papers, 11 in English, and 6 in Finnish and 1 in German are presented on the general theme "Language--Knowledge and Skill," a theme that emphasizes the need to examine the communicative goal in foreign language education from the perspective of both theory and practice. The English-language articles on foreign language testing, following opening remarks at the Heinola seminar by Kalevi Pohjala include: "Criterion- referenced Testing in Foreign Language Teaching" (Sauli Takala); "Tests of Reduced Redundancy--Theory" (Christine Klein-Braley); "Tests of Reduced Redundancy--The C-Test, A Practical Example" (Raatz, Ulrich); "Testing Language Skills in the Norwegian Comprehensive School" (Lars Sigfred Evensen); "Effect of Mixing Ability Groups on Ability Levels Attained" (John H. A. L. de Jong); "Testing Communication Skills in Mixed-Ability Groups" (Viljo Kohonen); "On the Whys and Hows of Language Testing" (Torsten Lindblad); "Current Trends in FL Testing in Czechoslovakia and the Soviet Union" (Jan Prucha); "From Testing Research to Educational Policy: Introducing a New Comprehensive Test of Oral Proficiency" (Elana Shohamy, Thea Reves, Yael Bejarano); "Language Testing in German Schools--Theory and Practice" (Bernd Voss); and "The Teaching of Testing: Reliability, Validity, and All That Stuff" (Douglas K. Stevenson). (MSE)