This study examines the relationship between temperament characteristics and skill manifestations or deficits in two groups of kindergarten children, one in Ohio and one in Taipei, Taiwan. Its purposes were to determine if such a relationship did exist and, if so, to see if it obtained cross-culturally. Teachers and parents assessed children on the Barclay Early Childhood Assessment System (BECAS) to determine deficits in particular skill areas. Teachers also rated the same children on the Martin Temperament Assessment Battery. Pearson product-moment correlations between the Martin and the BECAS were done separately for the two cultural groups. Additionally, zero-order correlations were done for each variable that had correlated with a target scale at the .05 level of significance or better. Fifty-three percent of the predictors that were significantly related in the American sample were also significant for the Chinese sample. Children with high levels of skill deficits from both cultures were more distractible, less sociable, more emotional, and were more likely to be male. This study suggests that there are close relationships between personality charcteristics and skill deficits in kindergarten children and that these relationships are quite similar across cultures. (Author/DST)