References and scenes from literature that portray objectively the social elements and patterns of a culture are recommended to teach readers about typical situations and modes of behavior. This is a way of introducing the reader not only to common sociocultural patterns, but also to the cultural traits peculiar to situations that are characteristic of a place or a historic period. The content that the reader must interpret can be categorized and seen from different angles. While references to old or well-established sociocultural patterns are important, it is equally important to look at patterns that point to change in the future. Literary references to cultural aspects may concern social organization, institutions, customs, ideas, traditions, new trends, national psychology or the psychology of the different peoples of a state, manners of frequent behavior, and old and new tendencies of the language. The picture presented by the author is taken to be objective, but not necessarily neutral. When literature is used to teach language, the different uses of language should be distinguished, including the language of the author, narrator-researcher, narrator, witness, narrator-witness who is also the protagonist, narrator-researcher who has gathered and interpreted the accounts of several characters, the characters themselves, and combinations of these options. (MSE)