This paper presents results of a study examining the relationship between the American Board of Surgery's In-Training Examination and its Qualifying Examination. 1982 Test scores on both examinations of 764 candidates in their fifth year of training as Chief Residents were analyzed. Descriptive statistics, correlations, and standard errors were computed. A moderately high correlation coefficient was observed. The findings do not support those previously reported in the literature. Regression equations and theoretical expectancy tables were prepared for use by residency program directors in predicting future success in the certification process. Various factors that possibly influenced the size of the correlation coefficient are discussed, including examination purpose/content, security breaches, motivations to take the examination, and other factors. Implications for other medical specialties in analyzing and interpreting In-Training Examination results are discussed. (Author/BS)