Discussed are family and child characteristics related to mild adjustment problems following separation and divorce. Data were obtained in a longitudinal study of 120 families with children 6 through 12 years of age. While children in the sample were not very disturbed, data indicate that the "well-being" of children and mothers was better after the first post-separation year. Analysis of mother-child interaction corroborated the finding of improvement after the passage of a year. Children with problems at Year 1 tended to have problems at Year 2. At Year 1, mothers with healthier scores on the Positive Affect and Health measures rated their children as being more psychologically adjusted than did mothers with less healthy scores. Data from mothers, children, and teacher agreed that mothers who still had problems in Year 2 had children who were similarly affected. Mothers who were more satisfied with their work reported more positive adjustment than did less satisfied mothers, and mothers in higher level jobs had children with fewer physical health symptoms. Interparent conflict affected children negatively when the divorce had not been heard in court by the time of the second year assessment. Children's age and gender were found to be related to the types of relationships children had with their mothers, suggesting that children's age and gender may draw out different interactions with their mothers and that these interactions may differentially affect adjustment directly. (RH)