The history and conditions of the use of English and French in the exercise of justice in Quebec are outlined in the context of the problems, sociopolitical realities, and procedural impact of language usage. The history is chronicled in six segments: 1760-1764, a period of British military government and political standoff between British and Canadians; 1764-1774, a period of adjustment and negotiation; 1774-1791, during which judicial chaos and conflict occurred; 1791-1840, the period following enactment of a constitutional law dividing the colony into two parts; 1840-1867, during efforts at reconciliation; and 1867 to the present. English- and French-language legal documents and commentaries are cited. (MSE)