Arguing that the development of interactive communication systems with microcomputers and computer terminals has created new challenges for public services in academic libraries, the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign conducted a needs assessment survey to determine if users of computer-based systems have different needs and expectations for public services than individuals who do not regularly use such systems. Results of a mail and online survey reveal that, while users are fairly traditional in their methods of access to information, those who do use computer-based systems currently are not only finding ways to access information without the library as an intermediary, but they are also interested in seeing this type of service expanded. Following a literature review and discussion of survey methodology, the report is divided into three parts: (1) research results by setting, demographics, means of accessing information, enhancements, and online searching; (2) evaluation of research in terms of traditional library services, online bibliographic services, services to electronic users, and design issues; and (3) implications for new services, the role of the librarian, research as a management tool, and future research directions. Numerous tables compare the survey results by academic discipline (humanities, sciences, social sciences) and by method of survey response (mail or computer). A 23-item bibliography and the questionnaire are included. (Author/THC)