A literature review was conducted to examine high school vocational education and its outcomes in Canada. The literature indicated that the initial advantages of a vocational program, including lower unemployment, greater likelihood of obtaining a job related to field of training, and higher salaries than generally available to graduates of nonvocational programs, diminished over the longer term (three years or more after graduation). In general, the studies examined during the literature review did not allow precise determination of the additional benefits to vocational graduates over and above those that would result from a general or academic education program. Therefore, it was concluded that the studies examined do not provide support for utilizing vocational education to reduce unemployment among youth. It was recommended that before policymakers attempt to formulate policy pertaining to vocational education, they should determine for whom vocational education is appropriate, toward what ends it should be directed, the nature of the school-to-work transition and the effect of vocational education on that transition, and the impact of current institutional rigidities on the effectiveness of vocational education. A summary of the study is provided in both English and French. (Author/MN)