This report reviews the background of the Instructional Systems Design (ISD) model (used to develop training for Naval personnel), identifies problems in the ISD process and in its management and implementation, and recommends methods of ISD improvement. The ISD model is described as a process originally developed to remind instructional development experts about steps needed to produce quality instruction, but subsequently implemented to help content specialists (who are relatively inexperienced in instructional design and development) build instruction. It is noted that ISD methods as used by nonexperts are not successful because they lack detailed procedural guidance. Instructional engineering and management problems in implementing ISD are outlined and three alternative solutions to these problems are considered and rejected. Several recent research efforts are then summarized, including the instructional quality inventory (IQI), which provides quality assurance methods for the ISD; the development of guidelines for building more relevant criterion-referenced tests; and the initial development of computer assisted training development. It is recommended that the Naval Education and Training Command (NAVEDTRACOM) develop: (1) systematic methods for monitoring ISD implementation and the performance of ISD practitioners and managers; (2) training and professional development programs for these persons; and (3) automated aids for ISD. A 36-item bibliography and a report distribution list are provided. (Author/ESR)