Research was undertaken to determine how differences in social status among various segments of the population in Mississippi contribute to differences in household energy costs and how socioeconomic differences coupled with social status have impact on energy consumption behavior. Two samples of the state's population were used for comparative analysis. One sample of female and elderly headed households was compared with a sample that represented the larger population of Mississippi which was stratified to be representative of the population on race, income, rural, and urban residency. Personal survey interviews were conducted with the heads of households. The questionnaire covered 11 major items concerning how the energy shortage had impact on families in general. Analyses showed that impacts of energy costs are comparable for families in different socioeconomic strata. Findings included the following: households in Mississippi, regardless of their social status or socioeconomic conditions, have adjusted their energy consumption and expenditures in accordance to what they can afford rather than in accordance with any specific energy policies or in response to any specific energy conservation programs; the type and quality of housing consistently appeared as a major factor that affects energy costs for families in both samples. National policies are needed that would require energy efficiency standards for housing. Another finding that lends itself to public policy implications is the increased energy efficiency resulting from the numbers and kinds of energy using features in households. Only a small percentage of each sample had used conservation measures (e.g., turned off lights, closed off unused rooms). Appendices include the survey questionnaire and tables of needed sample respondents. (RM)