This report is one of a series of literature reviews conducted in response to the primary concerns of educators nationally. After noting the scarcity of research on parent involvement in the instruction of their children in kindergarten through high school, the authors summarize 18 documents found to be relevant and valid to the topic of parent participation and student outcomes. Results are discussed in terms of affective improvements as well as academic achievement. Several kinds of parent involvement are reviewed, including home tutoring, providing feedback and correction on homework, monitoring study skills, parent-student discussions, and parent-assisted learning in the school setting. Outcomes of noninvolvement, and outcomes of parent involvement with minority, educationally disadvantaged, and learning disabled students are noted, and training for parents is discussed. Recommendations are offered for further research and for school and parent action. An annotated bibliography and two appendices are provided which reference sources which can help schools engage parent interest and involvement in supporting their children's instruction. A third appendix lists sources of additional research evidence which support the conclusions in this document. The fourth appendix, a Decision Display, contains Item Reports (brief forms that include document abstracts and dates of publication) sorted into categories which tend to support or deny the hypotheses that were developed as a result of analyzing the research. The fifth appendix contains the Item Reports for each article or document reviewed, as well as a rating of the usefulness of each item on a five-point scale. (JAC)