Three-dimensional (3-D) aerial photographs viewed with cardboard filter glasses (anaglyphs) aid elementary and junior high school students in recognizing physical features, offer a realistic vertical perspective, and have motivational values. A review of research on cognition, perception, and the use of anaglyphs reveals that pictures are an essential part of the perceptual substance from which children's images are constructed. Researchers have suggested that imagery and propositional thinking work simultaneously to generate effective thinking. Further, two studies of student's recognition of features on anaglyphs suggest that this type of photograph allows students to construct, store, and use 3-D imagery when it is needed in geographic thinking. The authors (1979) interviewed 60 elementary urban Canadian students (20 in each of grades 4, 5, and 6) using an anaglyph of a small town in West Germany. Ninety percent responded accurately to questions requiring the correct recognition of relief and 100 percent indicated recognition of the 3-D quality of the photograph. A 1980 study of students in grades 2, 5, and 8 using the same anaglyph preceded by a 2-D aerial photograph of the same scene found that the total number of accurate recognitions improved with use of the anaglyph. (KC)