Educational accomplishments of the People's Republic of China have been achieved by emphasis on moral, intellectual, and physical development of every individual, and on schooling combined with and in preparation for productive labor. Open-door schooling combines in-school learning with out-of-school practice, so students learn about life and work in the actual setting of "big classrooms"--factories, communes and army units. Among new forms of higher education for rural development are: an agricultural college giving peasants from agricultural communes a 3-year course in socialist principles of development and skills in agricultural science and technology, after which the peasants return to their communes; scientists in rural areas giving 3-month courses in water conservation, stock breeding, and crop cultivation to upgrade skills of local peasants and avoid problems of students leaving the countryside with expectations of work in cities; or college classes alternating with work on agricultural production teams in students' home communes. Factories operate their own worker-colleges. Neighborhood residents' committees solve community problems and organize study groups. China's teachers come from various backgrounds, with emphasis on practical experience and leadership qualities. Changes in education continue, with a standardized 10-year universal education program for young people, and increasing emphasis on science and technology. (MH)