The administrative structures that provide graduate neuroscience training at doctorate-granting institutions were studied, along with the number of faculty, research doctorates, graduate students, and postdoctorate trainees in neuroscience programs. Attention was also directed to the opinions of neuroscience experts regarding employment, training, and research in the future. In addition to 181 institutions that are members of the Higher Education Panel, seven nonpanel institutions having doctorate-level neuroscience activity were surveyed. Findings include the following: nearly three-fifths of the 188 institutions awarded Ph.D.s in traditional fields with a specialization in neuroscience; almost one-third offered training through interdepartmental programs, and only 3 percent had departments of neuroscience; just over 3,400 full-time neuroscience faculty were at these schools in fall 1981; postdoctorate trainees increased by five percent from 1980 to 1981, but a decline of two percent was projected from 1981 to 1982; the number of graduate students grew four percent from 1980 to 1981; and the principal areas of neuroscience training and research were physiology, anatomy, and psychology/behavioral sciences. Appendices include the survey results and the questionnaire. (SW)