In response to the increasing use of computers in school by young children, this paper provides definitions of concepts and discussions of topics related to computers and young children. The first section takes up the issue of computer literacy, describing various uses of the term and discussing the controversy concerning teaching computer literacy in schools. The second section examines two aspects of microcomputer experiences for young children: effects of microcomputers on children and computer applications for young children. Diverse applications briefly discussed include computer literacy, computer assisted instruction, computer programming, computer art, word processing, and administrative uses. Thought to be of particular interest to those involved with young children are the in-depth discussions of computer assisted instruction, computer programming, and word processing. Specifically, general features of drill and practice, educational games, simulations, and tutorials are pointed out in the subsection on computer assisted instruction. The Logo computer language for young children is described in the subsection on programming, and the use of word processing to promote language development is discussed in the final subsection. In conclusion, two brief discussions are devoted to issues of training educators in the use of computers and to the need for active involvement of early childhood educators in integrating computer use into the curriculum. (RH)