Title I of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act is similar to the Disadvantaged Schools Program of Australia in some ways and distinctively different in others. This comparison of the two programs by an Australian educator points out the similarities and differences in program purpose, regulation, funding targets, and local control. Both programs provide federal funds to schools operated and funded primarily at the state level, and both are aimed at improving schooling in poorer communities. The extent of financial inequality among American districts, however, prevents the American program from bringing low income districts up to the national average, whereas the Australian program allows schools with above average needs to receive funding above the generally equal level already provided. The American program has more stringent regulations, is targeted at individual low-achieving students in low income districts, and establishes specific standards for achievement, particularly in basic skills areas. The Australian program is targeted at schools and permits local authorities to determine the most effective use of resources. The author suggests that the programs serve different social functions and that American conditions have so changed that a program like Australia's might now prove more appropriate. (PGD)