Various studies discuss the influences on and effects of the process of adjustment to a new environment among Puerto Rican migrants to the United States mainland. In confronting cultural differences, Puerto Ricans may experience culture shock and identity problems and suffer disassociation leading to schizophrenia and hysteria, stress, frustration, feelings of hostility and loss, depression, other forms of mental disorder, possible suicide, and physical disorders. Puerto Ricans' adaptation and ability to cope in the new environment are significantly determined by the extent of their cultural assimilation and degree of English language proficiency. Furthermore, adaptation may be influenced by migrants' individual characteristics such as resilience and persistence, their educational backgrounds, and their occupational experiences. (Author/MJL)