Because mathematics and gender(sex) is a research area of increasing international interest, a worldwide survey about research concerned with special problems of girls and women when learning mathematics was conducted. Reports included in this document were submitted from Australia, Canada, Dominican Republic, England and Wales, India, Ireland, Israel, New Zealand, and the United States. Points considered in the reports include the general interest in the topic in each country, research concerns (variables other than sex examined, theoretical frameworks of the research, activities resulting from the research such as programs to increase females' achievement/interest), discussions/developments on the topic, and situations unique to each country. Highlighting information received, it appears that: (1) in most countries the topic is not a central subject of empirical research, although there are some indications that as interest arises, its importance is recognized and leads to research; (2) the United States, followed by England/Wales, is far ahead of other countries in research on mathematics and gender; and (3) that different research strategies are used to understand sex-related achievement differences as explained by sex role perceptions, personality traits, and differentiated interaction processes. References, including articles and documents published in countries participating in the survey, are included. These include background papers, research reports, project information, and teaching suggestions. (Author/JN)