Differential sex role socialization in Thailand was investigated, and the results were compared with trends observed in the literature based on samples from the United States. Two issues were of particular interest: socialization for aggression and severity of socialization. A sample of 1,896 Thai children, stratified according to sex, grade (first and fourth), ethnic origin (Thai, Chinese Thai, Muslim Thai), and place of residence (urban, suburban, rural), participated in the study. Children were asked to identify two instances of their behavior for which they were praised and two instances for which they were punished. They were also asked to identify the form of punishment. All interviews were conducted in the native language of the child by Thai university students. The interviewers kept written transcripts of the responses, which were then translated into English. Since Dennis' (1957) coding system proved to be inapplicable, a new classification system was developed through a post hoc analysis of the Thai responses. In general, the Thai data were consistent with American findings in that boys did not experience greater permissiveness regarding aggression and that boys were reported as being more frequent recipients of physical punishment than girls. Results suggest that parents may be promoting aggression in boys by using physical punishment. (RH)