The nature of adolescent sexuality, pregnancy and childbearing is undergoing important transformations that have made early parenthood more visible and problematic. A review of the literature confirms that adolescent pregnancy is far from a random event. Research indicates differences, often substantial, among those who have sex or abstain and their responses to pregnancy. There is strong evidence that those who avoid pregnancy during adolescence will acquire more of the education needed to realize full potential as a self-sufficient adult. Adolescents need support in combatting the effects of peer influence and in defining career goals which might motivate them to avoid pregnancy. Provision of services by the school or community might also help reduce the negative aspects of adolescent parenthood. (JAC)