This guide is intended for persons who are concerned with the social adjustment of refugees in the United States. Its objectives are threefold: (1) to help the service providers better understand the refugee as an individual; (2) to add to the knowledge of how to provide culturally-appropriate services and support for the needs of newly arrived refugees as well as of those who have been in this country for several years; and (3) to help service providers identify the kinds of support the refugee needs to maintain and develop personal, intellectual, and emotional resources for further social adaptation. The material is presented in five sections. Part 1 deals with culture, social adaptation, and culture shock. The second part discusses issues of adjustment, refugees' expectations, changes in the support system, cultural conflicts, and community changes. Part 3 deals with principal values in the mainstream American culture and major pressure points. Part 4 treats support systems in most refugees' native lands and the task of rebuilding the support system in the United States. The final chapter deals directly with issues for service providers, their roles, providing access to further help, and service providers' commitments and goals. A selected bibliography completes the volume. (AMH)