Research on the relationship between sex-role orientation and psychological well-being has been guided by one of three models. The congruence model holds that psychological well-being will be fostered only when one's sex-role orientation is congruent with one's gender; the androgyny model proposes that well-being will be maximized when one's sex-role orientation incorporates a high degree of both masculinity and femininity regardless of one's gender; the masculinity model posits that well-being is a function of the extent to which one has a masculine sex-role orientation. The adequacy of these three models was tested by means of a meta-analysis of 34 studies of the relationship between sex-role orientation and self-esteem, the indicator of psychological well-being most widely used in sex-role studies. The results of the meta-analysis were most supportive of the masculinity model, and found that the strength of observed relationships between sex-role orientation and self-esteem varied as a function of both the sex-role measure and the type of self-esteem measure used in the studies. The findings indicate that a relationship exists between masculinity and self-esteem in both sexes. (Author/NRB)