A family system is intimately affected by the presence of an alcoholic within the system. One symptom of alcoholism is the development of elaborate defenses. In response to the defense of the alcoholic, each family member develops individual well established and unique defenses. The diagnosis of the defenses is essential in determining the nature of the family illness and its treatment. Common roles found in families with an alcoholic include the Dependent (alcoholic), Chief Enabler (spouse), Family Hero, Scapegoat, Lost Child and Mascot (children). Just as the family unit adapts to the presence of an alcoholic, so must members adapt to the recovery process. Treatment of family members can begin concurrently with treatment of the alcohlic or independent of his/her admission to treatment. The therapist sets goals which advance healthy family functioning, because the pathology of alcoholism has undermined personal relationships, denied intimacy, and aroused many negative feelings. Each family member needs to receive treatment which will enable him to recognize his own defensive behavior, become aware of family interactional patterns, restore honest emotional expression, and increase his feelings of self worth. (Author/NRB)