This collection includes several papers each on the legal aspects of bilingual education, the politics of implementing bilingual programs, the role of the community in establishing and maintaining bilingual programs, and bilingual program models. In addition, individual papers treat: (1) the impact of research on programs and policy, (2) the role of teacher certification, (3) refugee education as exemplified by Cuban Americans, (4) the case of the American Indians, (5) language attitudes among the Puerto Ricans in New York, (6) comparative ethnic factors between the United States and foreign countries, (7) the relationship between ethnography and bilingual education legislation, and (8) state mandated competency testing. (JB)