Test anxiety is a variable cognitive, affective, or physiological response, or any combination thereof, occurring during evaluative, self-report examinations. Research suggests that the cognitive, affective, and physiological components of test anxiety are interrelated and that these components in addition to global test anxiety, are negatively related to test performance. A variety of methods exist to assess test anxiety. Several self-report instruments assess global test anxiety as well as its cognitive and affective components, while the physiological component is usually measured with the aid of electronic recording equipment. Theories of the relationship between test anxiety and test performance emphasize attentional processes which are most directly associated with the cognitive and physiological components. Treatment of test anxiety should reduce or eliminate the adverse test anxiety experience and result in test performance improvement. Traditional approaches may be applied to test anxiety, or a treatment package may be constructed to deal with those problem-specific components of test anxiety which have been empirically demonstrated to be related to test performance. (Author/NRB)