This paper discusses the concept of equality and its role in the politics and economics of distributing social goods, costs, authority, and value. Specifically addressed is the question of who is to be made equal to whom. Various definitions to be considered in answering this question are examined: (1) simple subject-regarding equality; (2) inclusive equality; (3) exclusive equality; (4) segmental equality; and (5) bloc-regarding equality. The different implications of each of these definitions are related to the issue of equality between and among groups distinguished by race, sex, age, or other social characteristics. Some examples are given based on data regarding race and sex differences in income and unemployment in the United States. (Author/GC)