This paper is intended to provide data and analysis on three general questions: What are the significant existing programs and agencies related to educational research and development (R&D) in the Northeast and what are key unmet needs for the National Institute of Education (NIE) to consider in planning for a new institution? What are various ways of providing coordinated R&D services to the region and what are the strengths and drawbacks of each alternative? What are the various combinations of states that could be included in the region and what are the pros and cons of each configuration? The paper is based on a review of materials about the history and current status of regional laboratories throughout the country and on discussions held with the Northeast's chief state school officers, teacher association officials, higher education representatives, school principals, and others. The author notes that nearly everyone interviewed felt that establishing a new institution in the Northeast was the most viable alternative for NIE to consider. The laboratory should provide leadership in research and development and coordinate independent R&D concerns under a comprehensive and regionally relevant philosophy on educational change. The author then presents her views regarding the purpose, functions, structure, and governance of a laboratory, should one be established. (Author/IRT)