In order to place research on social anxiety in proper perspective, the factors actually measured by social anxiety scales must be examined. Five social anxiety scales and four personality questionnaires were administered to college undergraduates (N=78). Factor analyses of the data revealed two distinct factors. The first factor, to which neuroticism alone was related, was identified as fear of negative evaluation and social rejection. The second factor, to which extraversion-introversion and affiliation were most strongly related, was identified as social avoidance and distress. Neither social anxiety factor was related to interpersonal trust or self-disclosure. Results allow similarities to be drawn between social anxiety and trait anxiety, and distinctions to be made between social anxiety and introversion. (Author/NRB)