Intended as a guide for policy makers and associations that deal with educational interests, this report from the Indian Education Project of the Education Commission of the States describes the involvement of tribal, federal, and state governments in Indian education; looks at their intergovernmental relationships; and identifies areas of conflict between them. Background information traces the efforts since 1969 to improve the availability, quality, and relevance of education services for American Indians. Narrative sections explain the past and present roles of each of the federal, state, and tribal governments and discuss their legal, financial, and administrative responsibilities in educational affairs. The report also identifies specific areas of conflict in jurisdiction, funding, and control of schools, and suggests potential options available for cooperative involvement. As a result of this study, additional reports are to be generated on problems, programs, policies, and legislation in an effort to stimulate a combined response to the needs in Indian education. (JD)