This collection of essays makes some attempts to define the humanities and explore the social role they might play. Part 1 examines the role of the humanist in society and suggests that the humanist can perform a function when "justification" (the determination of what is right and wrong) is necessary. In part 2, the topic "the public humanist" is explored. This part looks at the challenges Montaigne chose to face and advocates that state humanities programs undertake similar challenges. It discusses the humanities as defined by Congress and whether humanists ought to "dirty their hands" in the public arena. Humanists are urged to overcome their wish for privacy and enter into a study of public issues. One author, in exploring a public role for the humanities, advocates that projects be created to honor the humanist and that humanists be willing to leave the ivory tower and talk to the public. A short concluding article summarizes some of the previous essays and discusses a few questions regarding state programs for the humanities. (Author/JM)