This article reviews the literature concerning the use of seclusion in psychiatric treatment facilities during the last 15 years. Following a brief historical summary of how seclusive techniques have been used in psychiatric treatment, recent literature is presented on: (1) demographic and statistical data; (2) theoretical justifications; (3) possible abuse and misuse; and (4) staff and patient perceptions of seclusion in psychiatric care. State mental health codes are examined with respect to policies governing the use of seclusion, including which mental health professionals may order seclusion, the length of time patients may be secluded, and under what clinical circumstances a patient may be secluded. (Author)