This review of research examines responses of women and black social scientists to discrimination within their disciplines. The attitudes of male social scientists toward these two groups are also examined. Although the difficulties experienced by women and blacks in the social sciences have been reduced in recent years, in actuality only a few have been able to cross long-standing barriers. Much of the change can be attributed to governmental policy concerning discrimination rather than originating from the discipline itself. Research indicates that many white males oppose government policies and try systematically to evade them or postpone compliance. Ironically, until quite recently women and blacks have been defined by the dominant white males in the social sciences. However, a mark of the elevated consciousness of these two underprivileged groups is their intense redefinition of themselves. These actions have several serious consequences. They raise misgivings about the way power and privilege are allocated, provide stimulus for social change, question social science wisdom concerning both sex and race differences and the methods employed in researching women and blacks. In short, actions by women and blacks in the social sciences have created reservations about the ability of white male social scientists to study in a detached and objective way groups about which they are likely to have strong subjective feelings. (Author/KC)