Seeking an understanding of rural communities in order to gain insights into opportunities for improving rural schools, this 2-year project examined 14 case studies and presented implications for future use. Selected as exemplary of particular strategies and representative of diverse populations of rural America, the case studies were examined through: (1) a design session involving six professional consultants; (2) a review of existing reports, evaluations, and related documents, and (3) site visits which involved observations and interviews with key participants. Each strategy was identified as addressing variables within the educational system or as external to the educational system. The 14 rural school improvement strategies were analyzed in terms of the success of each community project, as determined by the durability of the program over time and its continuing contributions to its original objectives. Conclusions were that improvement efforts in rural schools must be based on the reality of rural circumstances, and must include problem defining, planning, and implementing at the local level, as well as incorporating assistance from professionals and agencies outside the community. (JD)