There is some question as to the fairness with which history has treated women psychologists who were distinguished in their own time. Only women who were prominent in the field of psychology at least 50 years ago were selected in order to give the history books the best possible chance to include them. The five women thus located were paired with five male contemporaries; specifically Mary Whiton Calkins, June Etta Downey, Leta Stetter Hollingworth, Christine Ladd-Franklin, and Margaret Floy Washburn were matched with Edmund Clarke Sanford, Warner Brown, Walter Fenno Dearborn, Edward Wheeler Scripture, and Walter Bowers Pillsbury, respectively. Analyses and comparisons of published books and articles, editorships, professional association memberships, honarary degrees, citations, awards, and coverage in psychological histories suggest that women, even prominent ones, are not accorded much respect by historical writers. Results suggest that modern historians of psychology could be suspected of elitism, chauvinism, and some lapses in scholarship. (Author/HLM)