This monograph reviews hypotheses about the motivations of women who choose male-dominated professions. Chapter 1 considers theory and empirical evidence regarding the personality and socialization patterns of those women who have chosen male-dominated professions. Discussion focuses on two types of internal motivation--achievement needs and need for autonomy and individuation--and three types of external inducements--the enrichment hypothesis, role models and role support, and attitudes of significant males. Chapter 2 summarizes available data concerning the personality characteristics of women in male-dominated professions. These four factors are considered important: independence, feelings, intelligance, and ego-strength. Chapter 3 considers sex differences between professional men and women (commitment and ambition), reviews women's relationships with men on the job and with other women, and looks at differences found in kinds of job duties, workstyles, and job satisfaction. Chapter 4 focuses on three research directions, necessary if women in professions, and those who have the potential to attain such positions, are to be understood and meaningfully counseled. They are research needs (1) to be related to theory, (2) to document trends, and (3) to evaluate vocational guidance and counseling interventions. (YLB)