Achievement Tests in biology, chemistry, physics, earth and space science were administered to 100,000 students in grades 4, 8, and 12. The tests did not reflect course content, they were based instead upon five goals: understanding of scientific concepts, processes, applications, safety, and literacy. A panel judged that performance was less than satisfactory for 70% of the items on the grade 12 test, compared to 30% on the grade 8 test, and 18% on the grade 4 test. Boys performed better than girls on concepts, applications and safety. Over 9,000 students in grades 7, 9, and 11 responded to an attitude questionnaire. Most felt positive about science, scientists, and science courses, but were neutral or undecided about scientific ideas and careers. The 3,500 science teachers surveyed were dissatisfied with preservice and inservice training. The need to improve leadership facilities, equipment, and instruction varied with instructional level. Junior secondary teachers were least content. Twenty-one recommendations specific to grade levels were made. Improvements in instruction and teacher training at the junior secondary level were of greatest concern. Almost 40% of the students avoid science after grade 10; furthermore, many of the junior secondary teachers prefer other subjects or grades. (CP)