Results from three small-scale investigations of specific aspects of bilingual schooling as well as results of a more traditional large-scale evaluation of bilingual education programs in downstate Illinois are presented. The three small studies were designed to assess natural language in the classroom, compare criterion-referenced versus norm-referenced reading tests in bilingual classes, and provide an ethnographic description of bilingual language use patterns. An introduction to Evaluating Evaluation by Margaret Bruck and Andrew D. Cohen is included. The study articles are as follows: (1) "Assessing Bilingual Speaking Skills: In Search of Natural Language" by Andrew D. Cohen and Charles L. Roll; (2) "Assessing Bilingual Reading Skills: Criterion-Referenced versus Norm-Referenced Testing of Spanish Reading" by Flora V. Rodriguez-Brown and Andrew D. Cohen; (3) "Assessing Language Use in Bilingual Classrooms: An Ethnographic Analysis" by Margaret Bruck, Jeffrey Shultz, and Flora V. Rodriguez-Brown; and (4) "Assessing Bilingual programs: Methodological Considerations in Large-Scale Evaluations" by Andrew D. Cohen and Flora V. Rodriguez-Brown. Selected additions to the literature on bilingual education are included. (SW)