The National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) has completed two assessments of mathematics, the first conducted in 1972-73 and the second during 1977-78. Each assessment surveyed the mathematics achievement of American 9-, 13-, and 17-year-olds, using a deeply stratified, multi-stage probability sample design. This report documents procedures used in the 1977-78 mathematics assessment and also describes changes in procedures between the assessments. Described are specific procedures to develop objectives and exercises, draw the assessment sample, prepare materials for the assessment, administer and score the items, and analyze results. Availability of materials providing information about the results of the assessment is summarized in the final chapter. (Author/MK) Primary type of information provided by report: Procedures (Overview).