This report summarizes the results of the National Assessment of Educational Progress 1977-78 assessment of mathematics. Chapter one provides general information about mathematics assessments and includes discussion of the objectives, samples, exercises, statistics, and background variables of the assessment. Chapter two considers changes in performance between the first mathematics assessment conducted in 1972-73 and the second assessment being considered in this report. The third chapter describes performance for the nation and standard variable groups. Sections in this chapter include: region, sex, race/ethnicity, level of parental education, type of community, community size, and grade in school. Chapter four gives results for nonstandard variable groups. The two appendices discuss the estimation of standard errors and the source questions for special variables. (MK) Primary type of information provided by report: Results (Change) (Selective).