The paper explores special education in Australia during the period 1970-80. Separate sections discuss the following aspects: (1) beginnings of special education in Australia, (2) early developments in public provision for the education of handicapped children, (3) progress in the provision for special education during 1970-80 (including such activities as the appointment and report of the Australian Pre-Schools Committee), (4) policy in special education in Australia, (5) practice in special education in Australia, (6) teacher education and training, (7) continuation of education in adulthood, (8) research in education, and (9) the integration of services. A summary and comments are provided in a final section. The author concludes that the weakest area in the provision of services is education of handicapped children from birth to 3 to 4 years. Appended are sections discussing the education of talented children, children from non-English speaking backgrounds, Aboriginal children, and R. Andrew's model illustrating the progression of the handicapped from school to work. (PHR)